Switching Power Adaptor for Desktop

One of the switching power adaptors for desktop is so called SPU63-105, which has an output of 75 WATTS of rated power. The good thing about in this adaptor is that it has an input voltage range of 90 – 264 VAC and a frequency range of 47 – 63 Hz.  In addition with this, 88% of efficiency and employs a convection cooling mechanism to facilitate heat dissipation of the system.  You can check to some features of this desktop switching power adapter.

Medical Grade Power Supply

I saw a power supply that was design by medical purposes and that was PMMX300S-12E.  This device is really cool because it features a Power Factor Correction (PFC), which has a power factor of 0.95. This Power Factor Correction (PFC) has capable of delivering 300 W of rated power with a voltage output of 12 V and a current output of 25 Ampere. Safety features of the PMMX300S-12E include over temperature, over current and short circuit protection.

Check the features of Medical Grade Power Supply PMMX300S-12E.

Power Factor Correction

Doing a research about coil to use into my latest coil project. In my circuit design that I would like to create, I would like to use the Power factor correction as my reference which actually I need more research about it because I could not really understand it on how it will be functioning to my circuit diagram. Below are my specs in transformer using the Power factor correction.

• 240V to 120 V at 60 Hz    
• Single-phase 
•  Isolated 
• Low coupling 
• Single primary, dual secondaries

And my expected layouts to choose from are among on these 3 designs.

I was thinking also to use the 018 series, which is a family of passive Power Factor Correction (PFC) coils that includes both in sealed. The 018 series includes a line-up of nine (9) models that have different current rating ranging from 1 – 18 A. If you don’t have any idea about it then see the features of this 018 series for you to check.

• Sealed and open frame
• Laminated core type
• Low audible noise
• Compact and reliable PFC coils
• PVC leads and faston connection
• Specially designed to increase the power factor and reduce THD while maintaining low temperature rise during operation
• Low power losses to extend operational lifetime

FDMF5820DC Smart Power Stage

Have you done creating high current power stage circuit diagram using the FDMF5820DC? Recently, I decided to create one by following the diagram below with instruction of course.  It is the next generation family of Fairchild with fully optimized, ultra-compact, integrated MOSFET plus driver power stage solution for high-current, high frequency, synchronous buck, DC-DC applications.

Check some features of FDMF5820DC.

• Ultra-Compact 5 mm x 5 mm PQFN Copper-Clip Package with Flip Chip Low-Side MOSFET and Dual Cool Architecture

• High Current Handling: 60 A

• 3-State 3.3 V PWM Input Gate Driver

• Dynamic Resistance Mode for Low-Side Drive (LDRV) Slows Low-Side MOSFET during Negative Inductor Current Switching

• Auto DCM (Low-Side Gate Turn Off) Using ZCD# Input

• Thermal Monitor for Module Temperature Reporting

• Programmable Thermal Shutdown (P_THDN)

• HS-Short Detect Fault# / Shutdown

• Dual Mode Enable / Fault# Pin

• Internal Pull-Up and Pull-Down for ZCD# and EN Inputs, respectively

• Fairchild PowerTrench® MOSFETs for Clean Voltage Waveforms and Reduced Ringing

• Fairchild SyncFETTM Technology (Integrated Schottky Diode) in Low-Side MOSFET

• Integrated Bootstrap Schottky Diode

Encapsulated MicroVerter

I’m doing some research about the advantages of Encapsulated MicroVerter to be use in my circuit diagram project but upon doing my research I found out that there are many of them to choose from. 

I choose to use Encapsulated MicroVerter because of the auto recovery from OTP / OCP / OVP Circuits features that perfectly used in myproject. I choose this as well because I’m looking a second generation that high efficiency electrical power design and proprietary advanced thermal management. For more feature please read Encapsulated MicroVerter.

Solar Circuit Diagram

Just this morning a gleam idea that was pop up to my mind to create a solar circuit diagram and I want it simple and easy to understand to the newbies. After my coffee I went to my laptop table and start my research about this solar circuit diagram and after 2-3 hour of doing some research I found this cool site that maybe can help me. 

 You can see below the very basic small solar installation with connection for adding additional solar panels. 

The 20 Amp main fuse used can vary depending on the load from your whole system and whether or not an inverter and AC circuitry is added. After specification of the wiring I generally try to start with a lower fuse than is really needed, switch everything on for a few minutes then if the fuse is OK stay with that, but keep a spare correct higher value one handy just in case, changing it only after a thorough inspection of the system. It is just the way I am, if I am supposed to use a 2 Amp fuse I will probably be trying a 1 Amp fuse first on the principal stated above. 

 Always remember - The fuse should always be rated less than the wire/run it is protecting, the fuse must always be the weakest link! 

The small fuse without a value is determined by the nominal output from the solar panel(s) and the wire gauge used, for example a 27w panel has a nominal output of around 1.5 Amps so it would be best to fit a 2 to 3 Amp fuse after first using the correct wire run. This is worked out by Ohms law i.e. watts (27 w) ÷ volts (approx panel voltage 17.5 v) = Amps (1.5) hence the 2 to 3 Amp fuse.

If you have time you can check also my design of a battery charger schematics.

Problem Encounter in RS485 Circuit

I had designed a little board to interface USART to RS485 circuit that has two types of connection: one row of the DIP MAX232, or the ISP header for ATmega64-128-1281-2561 family. 

But after few hours of design, I had decided to improve the circuit, by adding automatic capabilities to the T/R signal, instead of using SCK from the ISP header.

After 2 hours of using Google doing some search for circuits that automatically switch T/R signal, I didn't find anything interesting about the problem I have. Only one circuit that uses a simple transistor and few resistors, but that doesn't satisfy me, since I'm not sure if I do switches off the transceiver too early after the last bit had been sent.

I must say that I have a little being lazy guy, since I'm asking for suggestions about that which I think it’s a good idea to ask some help from you guys because I know some of you may encounter same problem as I encounter right now.

My first bet would be to add a capacitor between T/R pins and ground or VCC to add some delay.

Has someone experience with this kind of circuits? Can you share your idea and thoughts about it or someone that can give advice about this?

Bass-Treble Circuit Using Op-Amp 741

Will make this bassamplifier circuit quick and easy. I’m creating a bass-treble circuit using the Op-Amp741. Yes it is simple but don’t under estimate because it is also a powerful bass, treble, volume control is made by General Op-Amp IC LM741.  The maximum voltage that you can input in this powerful bass is 12V, but don’t worry because this circuit also works in 9v and 6 Volts. The circuit has inbuilt pre-amplifier also.

Parts:

IC LM741 x1
T/C 10k,22k,100k   All x1
Triansistor BC148/548   x1
220uF/25V   x2                 
4.7uF/25V  x2
2.2uF/10V x1
10uF/25V x1
Small resistances x12p
Small PF    x5p

Automotive QVGA Time of Flight Sensor

I was searching about the MLX75 automotive sensor that suits to my project, which I planned to make and as well suitable for LED or lase illumination. I planned to use this MLX75 because it has up to 40 MHz sensor modulations and high ambient light robustness.

So after doing long day research about the project that I planned to make, I finally found this site which I think it can help me a lot when it comes to MLX75 because they explain it well and the function of it. I also understand that aside on automotive QVGA Time of Flight sensor of MLX75 it has also response range 800-900 nm.  You can check the details about automotive QVGA Time of Flight sensor, for you to read and understand the function of it as well as the additional features of the MLX75023 sensor.

MLX71120 and MLX71121

Few days ago I was created a circuit diagram using the 315MHz ASK transmitter IC (integrated circuit). This time I would like to study or doing some research about the RF receiver with a use of MLX71120 and MLX71121 RF receiver applications in a balanced loop antenna.

The good news is, after doing plenty of research about RF receiver using MLX71120 and MLX71121 I found this site of Melexis that explain well on the function and where to use this RF receiver. Upon reading and exploring the site I found out that using this MLX71120 and MLX71121 will need exact computation.

Check this RF receiver MLX71120and MLX71121 for your reference.

Low Cost Programming Kit

I heard few students that they are looking some low cost programming kit that they can use to their project. At back of my mind, I said yeah..!! Where can I get this low cost programming kit? After of doing some research and digging some site I found this MLXSPI-01 programming kit, which can support all Melexis kitparts using the SPI.

MLXSPI-01 programming kit features compatibility with nearly any running PC and easy to use software is included. This is specifically designed to program the Melexis family of kit parts using the SPI interface.

This programming kit is also combination of software and hardware, which the hardware need to be connect to the parallel port of a standard pc to operate while the software will generate the timing of all the signals. Check the site to understand more about low cost programming kit.

Local Interconnect Network Overview

Did you know the exact meaning of LIN? I know many of you out there is thinking or searching what is LIN and what is the function of this. LIN is stands for Local Interconnect Network. LIN network is consists have LIN master and LIN slave and one LIN master typically has up to 16 slaves.

Local Interconnect Network group was founded in the late 1990s by the 5 European automakers Volcano Automotive Group and Freescale.  On November of 2002 the first fully version of LIN specification was implemented and published as LIN version 1.3. Version 2.0 of Local Interconnect Network was introduced on September 2003 to expand configuration capabilities and make provisions for significant additional diagnostics features and tool interfaces. For more understanding what is LIN all about check this LIN Video.

Frame Types of LIN:

1. Unconditional Frame. These always carry signals and their identifiers are in the range 0 to 59 (0x00 to 0x3b). All subscribers of the unconditional frame shall receive the frame and make it available to the application (assuming no errors were detected).
2. Event-triggered Frame. The purpose of this is to increase the responsiveness of the LIN cluster without assigning too much of the bus bandwidth to the polling of multiple slave nodes with seldom occurring events. The first data byte of the carried unconditional frame shall be equal to a protected identifier assigned to an event-triggered frame. A slave shall reply with an associated unconditional frame only if its data value has changed. If none of the slave tasks responds to the header the rest of the frame slot is silent and the header is ignored. If more than one slave task responds to the header in the same frame slot a collision will occur, and the master has to resolve the collision by requesting all associated unconditional frames before requesting the event-triggered frame again.
3. Sporadic Frame. This frame is transmitted by the master as required, so a collision cannot occur. The header of a sporadic frame shall only be sent in its associated frame slot when the master task knows that a signal carried in the frame has been updated. The publisher of the sporadic frame shall always provide the response to the header.
4. Diagnostic Frame. These always carry diagnostic or configuration data and they always contain eight data bytes. The identifier is either 60 (0x3C), called master request frame, or 61(0x3D), called slave response frame. Before generating the header of a diagnostic frame, the master task asks its diagnostic module if it shall be sent or if the bus shall be silent. The slave tasks publish and subscribe to the response according to their diagnostic module.
5. User-Defined Frame. These can carry any kind of information. Their identifier is 62 (0x3E). The header of a user-defined frame is always transmitted when a frame slot allocated to the frame is processed
6. Reserved Frame. These shall not be used in a LIN 2.0 cluster. Their identifier is 63 (0x3F).

Source: Wiki

Class AB 30W Amplifier Circuit

I was planning to create a 30w amplifier circuit for my project. 2 days of searching and stumbling around the net, then finally I found a site that answers all my questions and doubt about my project.  My amplifier circuit is a class AB 30w circuit amplifier.

Below is the instruction on how to set up the class AB amplifier circuit for 30 watts.

To set the above amplifier up, set R1 to max and R12 to 0. After doing this successfully, power on the amplifier. Set R1 so that the measured output offset is between 30 and 100mV. Once set, adjust R12 slowly to achieve a quiescent current of around 120mA. Keep checking the quiescent current as the amp heats up as it might change due to voltage drop changes in the output devices caused by heat. The heatsinks should be 0.6K/W or less for two amplifiers.

How to Invert 12V to 220V

In my previous post, I share to you guys about the 12V to 220V inverter schematic. This time I would like to share again about inverter, but this time it’s how to make 12V to 220V inverter. The main component of this small voltage converter to transform 12VDC to 220VAC is the CMOS 4047. We will used this CMOS 4047 to stable the multi-vibrator, at pins 10 and 11 will have a symmetrical rectangular signal (square wave) which is amplified by 2 Darlington transistors and finally reach the secondary coil of mains transformer (2x10V/60W).

Below are the videos presentations of the comparison between without load and with load.

Video Presentation 1 – without load

Video Presentation 2 – with load (light bulb)

With the help of P1 the output frequency can be adjusted between 50Hz to 400Hz. Although this is not part of any professional dc ac converter it can be used quite effective on some home appliances. Be aware that the output signal is square and not sine wave. So you cannot use it for powering TV, Laptops, monitors. Use it only for lighting, power tools and other non-expensive equipment.

Below is the circuit schematic of the converter in 60 Watts  from DC to AC.

Offline UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply)

Creating your own offline ups circuit diagram is a good idea to secure your backup files is a really a wise idea. With the increasing daily support on networked data systems, the need for goofproof backup of power supply systems is now crucial.

UPS applications require a high-speed control MCU with multiple on-chip inverter and converter PWM control functions thus making the RL78/I1A an ideal choice for continuous commercial power supplies. Renesas delivers optimal solutions for UPS applications by providing a variety of semiconductor devices in addition to MCUs.

Below are the recommended products that you can use to your offline ups circuit diagram.

Recommended Products

Block	Semiconductor device	Recommended products	Features, etc.
Controller	MCU	RL78/I1A	Optimal for standby(offline) power systems. Timers, 5V operation, small package.
		R8C Family	Optimal for standby(offline) power systems. Timers, 5V operation, small package.
	EEPROM	R1EX24xxx Series	I2C bus interface. Optimal for power failure recording *1
		R1EX25xxx Series	SPI bus interface. Optimal for power failure recording *2
Step-down circuit	MOSFET	RJK60xxDPK	Low on-resistance, high-speed switching
Step-up circuit	MOSFET	RJK1003DPN	Low on-resistance, high-speed switching
Inverter	MOSFET	RJK40/50/60xxDPK	Low on-resistance, high-speed switching
	IGBT	RJH60DxDPP/DPK, RSH60FxDPK	low VCE(sat), FRD on-chip
PFC power supply	IGBT	RJH60DxDPP/DPK	low VCE(sat), FRD on-chip
	PFC IC	R2A20115, R2A20112, R2A20117, R2A20118A, R2A20104
Power supply, etc.	Photocoupler (standard)	PS23xx Series PS27xx Series PS28xx Series	High isolation voltage (5kVr.m.s.), 4p-LSOP, Ta=115°C High isolation voltage (3.75kVr.m.s.), 4p-SOP, Ta=110°C High isolation voltage (2.5kVr.m.s.), 4p-SSOP, Ta=110°C
	Photocoupler (IGBT drive)	PS93xx Series (6/8p-SDIP) PS94xx Series (16p-SOP) PS95xx Series (8p-DIP) PS99xx Series (8p-LSDIP)	High isolation voltage (5kV～7.5kVr.m.s.) 0.6～2.5A output High CMR (CMR≧50kV/μs)
	Op-amp	HA1630xxx series, μPC358
MCU peripheral	Reset IC	RNA519xx Series	Variable detection voltage

*1 I²C : Inter-Integrated Circuit
*2 SPI : Serial Peripheral Interface

12v to 220v Inverter Schematic

I would like to learn on how to invert 12V DC to 220V AC for 100 watts that’s why I’m doing my research about this because I’m not an Electronic or even an Electrical Engineer.  So I need more info on how to do it right to avoid accident. By doing the research I found some techniques and tutorials on how to do it easy without deep understanding on it.

In this 12v inverter circuit diagram I used the IC 4047 – IRF540 instead of transistor 2N3055 because it is a good idea power output for 100W from the transformer 2-3A. For the information for those who did not know yet that AC can’t be stored for future use but DC can be stored for future use in a battery. The stored DC can be converted back to AC by using power inverters. Below is the schematic diagram of the inverter that I made.

I also created a circuit diagram inverting 12V DC to 220V AC for 500 Watts.

New Electronic Circuits and Designs Being Developed

Today, one will notice the presence of electronic technology in nearly each side of human life. Be it the doorbell you ring whereas getting into a house or the ignition of your automotive, the presence of circuit technology is felt nearly everyplace. in contrast to the past times, once most product and machines were based mostly out of mechanical inventions, their sizes and weight were relatively larger and bulkier compared to the product exhibiting similar properties nowadays. a straightforward example is drawn from the actual fact that one will attempt to compare the normally used product like taper coders, bells, watches, and clocks etc. and see that however their size, weight, shapes and practicality have modified over the amount of your time. With the increasing range of users and therefore the value of production, it's become a challenge for many producing corporations to fulfill the escalating wants of the growing population. During this era of growing users it's time currently to seek out alternatives, for manufacturing bulk product with reasonable costs. it's from here that the circuit technology has picked up its pace. It’s a longtime indisputable fact that the convenience, compactness and therefore the comfort extended by the electronic circuits technology is unmatched. indeed it will not be Associate in Nursing exaggeration to state that it's become tough to imagine our lives while not these fastidiously designed circuits.

Well! Electronic styles and electronic circuits are a manifestation of careful and dedicated acquisition. Additional specifically, these natural philosophy styles embrace a careful arrangement of minute parts like transistors, resistors, and capacitors etc. These parts are connected through wires or traces that helps the electrical signals to flow across the card, thereby permitting the merchandise or the thing to accomplish its desired perform.

Electronics circuits are generally classified into 3 forms. These forms embrace Analog, Digital and therefore the Mixed Signal circuits. The essential distinction between these classes is that the Analog circuits use energy in its original type, whereas the Digital ones build use of electrical signals that are created by logical connections and interpretations. On the opposite hand, the mixed circuits involve the employment of energy each in original also as signal type and are additional difficult in nature.

Studying regarding electronic styles and electronic circuits is not any straightforward job, as they need a precise set of skills in a very person to be ready to appreciate their topology and practicality properly. Aquatics through the online or by merely work on to some dedicated portals, one will notice the correct answers to his or her queries.

A Brief Guide to Printed Circuit Boards

Paul Eisle developed the first PCB in 1936. However, it became standard solely within the Fifties once the U.S. military started exploitation the technology in bomb detonators. Today, PCB Printed Circuit Boards square measure associate integral a part of the majority instrumentality, like cars, mobile phones, computers and a lot of.

 How may be a computer circuit Board Manufactured?

To make a custom PCB, initial the electronic diagram of the specified circuit is ready exploitation laptop assisted style (CAD) code. Afterward the PCB model is developed exploitation laptop assisted producing code technology.

The common materials used for producing PCBs are: FR4, FR4 warmth, Polyimide, GeTek, Rogers, Arlon, Nelco, Alumina, Ceramic, Bakelite, FR1, CEM1, and CEM5. The dimensions and thickness of the board depends upon the wants of the circuit. The substrate is coated with a layer of copper. Then, exploitation sensitive coating, the circuit diagram is written on the board. The unwanted copper is carven out from the board to create copper "tracks", known as traces. This method is understood as halftone. There square measure 2 different common ways used for developing connecting traces. PCB edge may be a system wherever unwanted copper is removed with CNC machines. Another method is Silk-Screen printing, wherever special ink that's etch-resistant is employed to hide the areas wherever the copper traces have to be compelled to be created.

Once the board is prepared with copper traces, holes square measure trained into the board to assemble leaded electrical and electronic parts. For drilling, special metallic element inorganic compound drill bits or optical device is employed. The holes created square measure full of hollow rivets or coated through exploitation associate electroplating method, therefore forming associate electrical affiliation among the varied layers. Successive step is coating of the complete board, except holes and pads, with masking material. Materials ordinarily used for this purpose are: lead solder, lead free solder, OSP (Entek), deep/hard gold (electrolytic nickel gold), immersion gold (electroless nickel gold - ENIG), wire bondable gold (99.99% pure gold), immersion silver, flash gold, immersion tin (white tin), carbon ink, and Sn 100CL, associate alloy of tin, copper, and nickel. The last step is screen-printing, wherever the legend and text square measure written on the PCB.

Testing Of Printed Circuit Boards

Before assembly of parts or delivery of computer circuit Boards, the board ought to be tested to seek out any potential "shorts" and "opens" that would cause a non-functioning board. A "short" indicates the existence of associate unwanted affiliation associated an "open" indicates that 2 points that ought to are connected square measure unconnected. All such errors ought to be mounted before PCB assembly. it's vital to notice that not all PCB producing outlets check the boards before shipping, it's generally thought of an extra value however a significant one to supply a completely functioning board before adding parts.

PCB Assembly

Once the board is prepared, parts square measure assembled and supplemental to the surface as per the circuit diagram. a number of the common assembly techniques used square measure surface-mount construction and through-hole construction. Sometimes, a mix of those 2 techniques is additionally used for assembly.

Types of computer circuit Boards

Single Sided Board

This is the smallest amount complicated of the computer circuit Boards, since there's solely one layer of substrate. All electrical components and parts square measure mounted on one aspect and copper traces square measure on the opposite aspect.

Double Sided Board

This is the foremost common style of board, wherever components and parts square measure connected to each side of the substrate. In such cases, double-sided PCBs that have connecting traces on each the perimeters square measure used. Double-sided computer circuit Boards typically use through-hole construction for assembly of parts.

Multi superimposed Board

Multi superimposed PCB consists of many layers of substrate separated by insulation. Commonest multilayer boards are: four layers, six layers, eight layers, and ten layers. However, the overall variety of layers that may be factory-made can exceed over forty-two layers. These forms of boards square measure utilized in very complicated electronic circuits.

Tools You Need For Electronics Projects

Assembling electronic circuits could be a good way of learning natural philosophy, and relying upon the project undertaken, variety of tools and parts could also be required consequently. But there are some basic tools and electronic parts that are required in most electronic come and are a 'must have.'

The first factor to think about is that the style of board being employed. The board is what the circuit is assembled upon and connected. There are 3 main varieties of circuit boards - the breadboard, the strip board, and also the computer circuit board.

The breadboard is employed for creating temporary circuits and doesn't need fastening whereas the opposite 2 sorts are each permanent and need the components to be soldered on to them.

When functioning on computer circuit boards or strip boards, the primary tool that's needed could be a hand tool. in conjunction with the hand tool, a solder stand, reel of solder, and solder removal wick would even be needed.

In addition to the higher than, aspect cutters are needed for trimming the part leads, and wire strippers for trimming the wires. Little try of snipe nose pliers is required for bending leads or holding small components in situ whereas fastening.

A flat blade screwdriver, heat sink, and electrical drill will be terribly helpful once functioning on electronic comes.

In addition to the tools, variety of electronic parts also are needed relying upon the project. a decent assortment to start out with can contain capacitors, resistors, variable resistors, diodes, transistors, wires, switches, and an influence supply.

Having these basics can get you started experimenting with electronic circuits.